It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. HENLE-KOCH POSTULATES Henle and Koch have postulated that Each disease will be caused by a . Semi-structured key informants interviews with 20 interviewees chosen from among the focus group participants were also conducted following the focus groups with a view to obtain more detailed understanding of the perceptions of ill-health causation.. Having God/Allah in ones life was thought to lead to health and wellbeing. PubMed In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. In the early past, the disease was thought mainly due to either the curse of god or due to the evil force of the demons. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. Epidemiology: man and disease. Gender-based violence is a key factor . These forces also have the ability to heal one from these spells. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. GERM THEORY Germ theory: Microbes (germs) were found to be the cause for many known diseases. The .gov means its official. Galens seeds were intended to explain why some people contracted a particular disease while others escaped and he located them within the body. Tap here to review the details. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! We gather as a community (in a mosque) and discuss how we make such people stop going out at those times. There were a number of different forces in this category including: Almighty God/Allah or Egziabher, the nature spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb, wuqabi, awlia, zar and jinn), and human supernatural agents such as sihir, Buda/witch, Abagar and Rekebot. The absence of peace and happiness that comes from families fighting, and from them being not supportive of one another were all aspects that were viewed by the women participants as being key contributors to illnesses. PMC We recommend that local governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. All authors read and affirmed the final version of the manuscript. The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. Epub 2022 Apr 6. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. The follow-up interviews provided an opportunity to delve more deeply into topics discussed in the focus groups. A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Syracuse: Foreign and comparative studies, Syracuse University; 1980. p. 17. If God wants you to live healthy, then you live healthy [Female, Study Community # 1]. Constructing evidence within the qualitative project. Disease Causation; Theories; Models. 36 0 obj <> endobj Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. In addition to that, diseases may be communicable or non-communicable. Keywords. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Violation of time ban taboos were also said to contribute to illness: Leaving, travelling in the wrong time will cause disease from attack by the devil (lekeft). The current Ethiopian indigenous health strategy (the National health strategies with regard to Indigenous Solution reported in March 2015) acknowledges the need to support components of indigenous medication including recommendations to explore potential beneficial aspects [31]. Coronado G, Chio-Lauri J, Cruz RD, Roman YM. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. Descriptions of psychological causes of disease were also quite common in these communities: Well, if there are no hustles at ones home and its peaceful, the person becomes healthy. Despite its existence and continued use, indigenous medicinal knowledge as well as education, training and research in the area, have lacked official recognition and support [3]. (DOCX 17 kb). According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. All focus group discussions and interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Amharic. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. As noted in other studies, effective primary care requires that all health care providers and policy makers take culture and traditional into account [20]. He was able to use existing networks and contacts within the indigenous institutions, including traditional leaders and local health officials, thereby gaining access to a very wide cross-section of people. Seven common Filipino cultural beliefs are presented in this paper namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Murdock G. Theory of illness. Promot Educ Suppl. Principal Scientist & Act. In the mid-19th . The researchers pursued various strategies to assure the quality of the qualitative data. By using this website, you agree to our THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med. In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors. Week by week pregnancy (Baby and body development, tips), Human Cardiovascular System- Organs, Functions, Diseases, Human Heart- Location, Anatomy, Structure, Functions, Cell Organelles (Plant, Animal)- Structure, Functions, Diagrams, 16 Types of Microscopes with Parts, Functions, Diagrams, Feezer L. W. (1921). Social, economic and biological factors interact to drive a vicious cycle of poverty and disease from which, for many people, there is no escape." In short, poverty is instrumental in cultivating conditions that allow disease to spread. Qolle spirits are mostly venerated by buttering the natural objects, burning incense, tying around these objects strips of ropes or even a bunch of hair [Female, Study Community # 5]. What are Demonic and divine Theory and Ecological theory of disease? Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. Cultural theories of crime provide distinct frameworks to understand the influence of human agency, social forces, and peers on behavior. Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. Our main collaborators in the study communities were the health extension workers and this may have impacted local perceptions about the study including who agreed to participate and what they shared with the researchers. Reading: Gordon and Breach Science; 1992. Genetic counseling of the deaf. Respecting autonomous decision making among Filipinos: a re-emphasis in genetic counseling. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. BMC Public Health 2016 Nov;46:121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.001. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. statement and In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. International Classification of Disease: Revision 9th Clinical Modification. 5th, Millennium edition U.S Department of Health and Human Services; 2000. Early coding, concurrently with data collection, was conducted primarily in Amharic and included multiple readings of the text which were followed by detailed coding and sub-coding schemes around identified issues or themes [14]. Due to restrictions set by the Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science Institutional Review Board, data are available upon request by contacting the corresponding author. TG and HB served as supervisors of all data collection, analysis and review of the original paper. Methods for Cross-Cultural Communication in Clinic Encounters. 2003;9(6):649. Careers. This theme does not appear in Murdocks model. Map of Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State, North-eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [15]. Disease in Africa has been the subject of a large number of rich studies. Positive correlation is when you observe A increasing and B increases as well. Ethiop J Health Dev. and Diagnosis Some believe that the soul goes out from the body and wanders, a phenomenon known as Bangungot, or that having nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death. Click here to review the details. Triangulation of different data collection techniques including focus group, semi-structured interview data, observations and informal interviews with study participants was a strength of the study. Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's . New York: Wiley; 1978. Similarly, a theoretical approach initially used to frame and subsequently to interpret the data from this study allowed for a more thorough explanation of beliefs and perceptions of illness causation. Medical and cultural considerations. Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. BMC Public Health 17, 124 (2017). The researcher was also able to make substantial observations of local activities such as rituals, festivities, public gatherings involving health practices, and converse informally with community members. Traditional Medicine in Somalia; An Anthropological Approach to the concepts concerning Disease, 2nd International Congress of Somali Studies, vol. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. The study employed a qualitative ethnographic method informed by Murdocks Theory of Illness. The discoveries of Pasteur and Koch confirmed the germ theory of disease. All attention was focused on microbes and their role in disease causation. Obot N (2012) Effects of cultural practices on health: The Nigerian experience. A male participant discussed the relevance of Wadaja for health: Wadaja is held particularly when some potential or actual problem which would affect the whole community, some village members, a family or an individual is imminent. In total, 96 people participated in focus groups. Article Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . 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