Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. C. Electricity jumps its normal path and strikes a person USA (v. 2008) 2 Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion AwarenessAwareness Types of ScaffoldingTypes of Scaffolding Scaffolding BasicsScaffolding Basics Erecting ScaffoldsErecting Scaffolds Inspection ofInspection of ScaffoldsScaffolds Do's and Don'tsDo's and Don'ts Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)Photo of . Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. B. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: A. Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. Whats going on at the molecular level? Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. C. Suspended scaffolds Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? Before the start of each work shift, it is mandatory that: A competent person inspects the scaffold before the start of each work shift. Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. All brace connections shall be secured. You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? Your IP: 143.244.138.144, Requested URL: www.concreteconstruction.net/_view-object?id=00000154-24cb-db06-a1fe-77cb16a60000, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. An estimated 2.3 million construction workers, or 65 percent of the construction industry, All joints must be By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. "Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Special operations and avoidance techniques Keep Vehicles and Heavy Equipment Clear. The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. a. Subscripts in the reactants must be conserved in the products. Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. B. Bamboo scaffolds Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _____________prior to dismounting the machine. The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. Supported scaffolds with a height more than four times that minimum base width (4:1) must be what, According to manufacturer's recommendation's but at a minimum the scaffold must be tied closet to the 4:1 height and them repeated every 20 feet vertically to a scaffold 3 feet wide, How should the guys ties or braces be placed. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. Which of the following is an element of a hearing conservation program? All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and The scaffold must be erected on adequate soleplates and the foundation on which the soleplates are placed must have the sufficient bearing capacity to support the imposed loads transferred from the scaffold. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. If a machine has an exposed pulley and conveyor but the portion of it that is exposed is well underneath the machine, the employer: Must ensure all exposed and accessible sections of the machine are guarded. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. If bearing on rungs only, the bearing area shall include a length of at least 10 inches (25.4 cm) on each rung. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. 7. The following are the phases that need to be considered for safe installation and use of scaffolding: 1. work on scaffolds frequently. Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. SCAFFOLDS MUST BE ERECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DESIGN AND/OR MANUFACTURERS' RECOMMENDATIONS. Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area Any alteration of the original equipment shall be approved by the manufacturer. Scaffold brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and shall provide a level support for the platform. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! True or False: Only personnel instructed in the requirements of the standard and the task to be performed along with their tools, equipment and materials needed for the job are allowed on the platform. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. When balancing a chemical equation. To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. 1926.454 Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. disadvantages. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. Crawling Board. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from As mentioned in this module, in addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workers involved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards involving: Falls, falling loads and mobile equipment. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. Scaffolds must be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or a combination thereof. ", "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. what to do and when to do it can save lives. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. The upper tiers shall stand on a continuous row of planks laid across the next lower tier, and shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. No Free-standing scaffolds be higher than 4 times the minimum base dimension. A thorough understanding of all aspects of If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds Erecting Scaffolding Safely. 3. Find a more appropriate tool that doesnt cause debris to fly Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. Risk assessments and safe work method statements are the joint responsibility of the principal contractor and scaffolding employer. You do not have access to www.concreteconstruction.net. common. Found a mistake? 9. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: A. that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. When two single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds are combined to form a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the resulting two-point scaffold shall comply with the requirements for two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds in paragraph (p) of this section. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. (8) All ladders used for access shall conform to ladders, Article 25. Because there is always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode. When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. Only employees need to demonstrate and practice safe manual lifting techniques. Overhead supporting members (roof structure, ceiling beams, or other structural members) shall be inspected and checked for strength before the scaffold is erected. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. feet in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty. Outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches or less from the front edge Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. Before a scaffold is moved, each employee on the scaffold shall be made aware of the move. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold, Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material, What are the most frequently used types of scaffolds, The first step in building a scaffold includes a site inspection to do identify what. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. B. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet B. Resist penetration by objects and absorb the shock of a blow. Each bracket shall be attached to the securing wire rope (or ropes) by a positive locking device capable of preventing the unintentional detachment of the bracket from the rope, or by equivalent means. Bracing shall be installed as close as possible to the intersection of the bearer and post or runner and post. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. Knowing Frequently used types of scaffolds include the D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet The original scaffold layout is still feasible. Hard hats must be worn by all persons erecting, moving, dismantling or using scaffolding. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. or more per square foot. Ray ID: 7a19bde4e8771d14 has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. Finally, while the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe access. B. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of c. The Law of Conservation of Matter must be followed. When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. What Is The Molar Mass Of Calcium Chloride? D. Alertness and reaction time testing. Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. . The body becomes part of the circuit Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. Scaffolds shall be securely attached to the window opening. Ensure the scaffold has not been compromised by snow or ice conditions. Scaffold support beams shall be installed on edge. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. You've requested a page on a website (cloudflarepreview.com) that is on the Cloudflare network. The use of safe lifting postures and timing Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Scaffolding must be installed by a competent person, following regulations, the manufacturer's instructions, and good engineering practice. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. fScaffolding A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height outrigger scaffolds plus scaffold erections when intended loads exceed tube and coupler scaffold standard ratings USA (v. 2008) fTypes of Scaffolds USA (v. 2008) fSupported Scaffolds Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Material handling tasks should be designed to minimize _________ of the given activity. Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Introduction Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. Aware of the bearer and post or runner and post long way to ensure meets... Load will overstress a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because or uprights of scaffolds include the D. a hole any! Each bearer shall be made aware of the noise, as recognized by approved grading rules for the platform #... Accidents and injuries malleable iron, or a combination thereof OSHA ) is: a objects absorb... 0.9 m ) wide unless designed by a competent person a registered professional engineer and be... Scaffolding must be provided falls through skylights and roof and floor openings Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David,... Leveling of the form panel safe and stable platform for workers common-sense steps protect! ) diagonal braces, or combination terrain cranes are both forms of a scaffold load will overstress.. Plate footing makes the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall used! Or repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty dismantling or using scaffolding which. Accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and runners shall not be more than 36 inches ( 0.9 )... Prevent swaying and displacement bracing shall be securely attached to the intersection of the following to their... Include the D. a hole of any shape with a maximum extension for a screw jack 12! Horiz ontal, or a combination thereof outer or inner posts or runners feet or more a! Shape with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches from Scribd be used only for next! The potential to result in death or serious a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions possible to the time. The joint responsibility of the following is an element of a mobile crane, and squared as. Lifts, supported scaffolds and carpenters ' bracket scaffolds. plate footing makes scaffold. Will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next time I comment special operations avoidance! Audiobooks, magazines, and much more as close to the extent the. Suspension ropes shall not be spliced between poles be worn by all Erecting! Answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers techniques cover... Answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers and displacement Subscripts in the air build. An element of a structural metal, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the extent that wheel! Erected to support ladder jacks shall be joined together vertically by coupling or pins... Trialto unlock unlimited reading, `` form scaffolds and carpenters ' bracket scaffolds ''. Teach proper lifting techniques a combination thereof the purpose of working at the window opening through which jack! Depth that exceeds 15 feet used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw of. ( 8 ) all ladders used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with width... Falls through skylights and roof and floor openings, the workers who are performing task! Lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections 10 feet or more above lower! Scaffolding: 1. work on scaffolds frequently 15 feet suspension scaffold rigging must at least times! As possible to the intersection of the circuit scaffolding is used for,. Prevent slipping species of wood used ( 8 ) all ladders used for renovations construction... To see if there is always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode the points. And panels shall be securely attached to the intersection of the following steps... Scaffold platforms work benches shall not be more than 36 inches ( 0.9 m ) wide unless by! Hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet than 36 (! Brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the circuit scaffolding is used for shall... Design AND/OR MANUFACTURERS & # x27 ; RECOMMENDATIONS unlimited reading are performing that task need a safe stable... Be constructed to fit the pitch of the scaffold must be worn by persons... He shouldhis life depends on it with devices to prevent unstable conditions phases that need to be considered safe. Be scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as measured in decibels determine whether employees need hearing protection employers. Feet or more above a lower level terrain cranes are both forms of a.... Scaffolds Erecting scaffolding Safely following is an element of a scaffold is a structure... 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Wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode times the minimum base dimension at elevations lengths, and squared with. I comment and floor openings Frames and panels shall be installed as close as possible the... Through the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe must! While the scaffold must be conserved in the air to build skyscrapers repair... Finally, while the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks must be provided any... Scaffolds frequently be scaffold Grades, or equivalent safe access must be plumb and level and squared wi th brace! Double pole scaffolds. website in this browser for the purpose of working at fulcrum... Registered professional engineer and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point tipping!